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- American History
- New England and the Chesapeake region before 1700
-
- Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled
- largely by the people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had
- evolved into two distinct societies. The reasons for this distinct
- development were mostly based on the type on people from England who
- chose to settle in the two areas, and on the manner in which the areas
- were settled.
- New England was a refuge for religious separatists leaving England,
- while people who immigrated to the Chesapeake region had no religious
- motives. As a result, New England formed a much more religious society
- then the Chesapeake region. John Winthrop states that their goal was to
- form "a city upon a hill", which represented a "pure" community, where
- Christianity would be pursued in the most correct manner. Both the
- Pilgrims and the Puritans were very religious people. In both cases,
- the local government was controlled by the same people who controlled
- the church, and the bible was the basis for all laws and regulations.
- From the Article of Agreement, Springfield, Massachusetts it is clear
- that religion was the basis for general laws. It uses the phrase "being
- by GodÆs providence engaged together to make a plantation", showing that
- everything was done in GodÆs name. The Wage and Price Regulations in
- Connecticut is an example of common laws being justified by the bible.
- Also in this document the word "community " is emphasized, just as
- Winthrop emphasizes it saying: "we must be knit together in this work as
- one man". The immigrants to New England formed very family and
- religiously oriented communities. Looking at the emigrant lists of
- people bound for New England it is easy to observe that most people came
- in large families, and large families support the community atmosphere.
- There were many children among the emigrants, and those children were
- taught religion from their early childhood, and therefore grew up loyal
- to the church, and easily controllable by the same. Any deviants from
- the regime were silenced or persecuted before they could start any
- movements that would be a threat to the authority of the church. Even
- people like Ann Hutchinson and Roger Williams, who only slightly
- deviated from the teaching of the Puritan church were expelled and
- forced to move to Rode Island. As a result of this tight religious
- control the society became very conservative in New England, and life
- evolved to be simple and not elaborate as in Virginia.
- In the Chesapeake region almost everything was exactly opposite of New
- England. The immigrants were not idealists, but materialists, most of
- whom sought money. As John Smith mentions in his History of Virginia,
- many sought gold. As it can be observed from the shipÆs list of
- emigrants bound for Virginia, the immigrants were mostly young people,
- most of them men, and like it is stated in the same list they were all
- conformists of the Church of England, and unlike the Puritans, were not
- discriminated against back in England. As John Smith points out, many
- attempted to go back when they found difficulties instead of
- opportunities to get rich. Many others died of hunger when the
- Corporations that brought the settlers to America abandoned them, and
- the difficulty of the situation is described in Document G. The
- population was very small and the dangers were huge. The pioneers had
- to defend themselves against both, the Dutch and the Indians. As a
- result, the people who survived the first few years were all young
- ambitious and ruthless pioneers. These were not the type of people who
- would be easily controlled.
- The independence of the pioneers of Virginia can be seen in BaconÆs
- Manifesto. These people were not afraid to challenge authority and
- believed that they had the full right to say in the governing of the
- colonies. These people believed that if they had survived the hard
- times with no or little help from authorities, those authorities had no
- rights to impose laws upon them, especially if those laws were seen as
- unfair.
- As a result of these differences two totally different types of people
- formed in New England and in the Chesapeake region. New Englanders were
- faithful followers of the teachings of their church, and the southerners
- became independent citizens, with the ability to organize and the will
- to fight to get what they wanted.
-